TRANSFORMING CITIES ACROSS EUROPE

This report draws together evidence fromseven major cities in European countriesthat are experiencing huge change andtransition from being industrial giants,through major decline in industrialmanufacturing, to recovery. The citieswe study all had a high proportion ofmanufacturing jobs until the 1970s andwere internationally renowned for theirskills and innovation, and were marketleaders in key manufacturing industries.They experienced huge populationgrowth and massive urban pressures,followed by extensive suburbanisation aswealthier people sought to escape thesqualor created by industrial pressures.The themes of this overview are the crisisof collapse, the cities’ response and thelessons learnt.[...]