Transport poverty : definitions, indicators, determinants, and mitigation strategies : final report

This final report summarises the outcomes of the study "Transport poverty: Definitions, indicators, determinants, and mitigation strategies" commissioned by DG EMPL. Proceeding based on three tasks, the project (i) investigates the concepts and definitions related to transport poverty, (ii) researches and estimates possible indicators for measuring transport poverty and (iii) collects effective mitigation strategies addressing specific manifestations of transport poverty, exploring the interplay of the relevant stakeholders and how these processes are grounded in national policy making. The report also reflects key results from four national case studies carried out for Germany, Poland, Romania and Spain. The literature review shows that transport poverty is a multi-dimensional phenomenon that is strongly influenced by a range of related concepts such as mobility justice, mobility poverty, transport disadvantage, transport justice, accessibility poverty, and transport-related social exclusion. The three main aspects of transport poverty that are essential to defining the phenomenon are availability, accessibility, and affordability, as well as a cross-cutting dimension of adequacy. Based on the conceptual framework, the report identifies a comprehensive set of possible indicators that span the availability, accessibility, and affordability dimensions of transport poverty. Different limited EU-level microdata sets are available to depict these dimensions and help measure transport poverty for the EU-27, including the EU Survey on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) and the Household Budget Survey (HBS).