Why Can Collective Action Fail in Local Agri-Food Systems? A Social Network Analysis of Cheese Producers in Aculco, Mexico

Quality standards in food-processing industries have become a growing challenge for farmers in developing countries. This challenge is the target of collective action-based programs aiming at framing the cooperation context and the rules system that would enable a local community to turn inherited resources and know-how into new market opportunities. Literature acknowledges that social capital is a crucial local resource for successful collective actions since it is a source of trust and collective commitment within a community. The paper deals with testing the role of this resource in the collective action case of the Aculco cheese producers (Mexico). Focusing on the connectedness dimension of social capital, we propose an original methodology that relies on the multiplex and structural properties of social networks. This allows us to disentangle the opposite and ambivalent effects of social capital on the ability of a community to reach the goals assigned by the collective action program. Our qualitative and quantitative empirical study shows that these critical properties can work in favor of the adherence to collective action but can also create exclusiveness, clannish behaviors and entry barriers, and thus a failure of collective action