Amel-Zadeh, Amir; Kasperk, Fiona; Schmalz, Martin C. - 2022
investors. Measures of "universal" and "common" ownership of firms are therefore lower than previously believed based on … analyses of institutional investors' holdings alone, and the heterogeneity in ownership structures across firms is greater …. Consolidation in the asset management industry increases universal ownership and common ownership of industry rivals. Extant results …