impacts are not always clear and their effectiveness and efficiency as a policy instrument need to be carefully evaluated … progressive or regressive side, depending on the country and the tax expenditure considered. …Tax expenditures are preferential tax treatments granted to specific individuals or categories of households which aim …

stock of debt and not from debt service payments, indicating that debt displaces social expenditures not so much because it … organizations like the World Bank or the Inter-American Development Bank do not seem to ameliorate the adverse consequences of debt …This paper assesses the effects of total public debt (external and domestic) on social expenditure worldwide and in …

stock of debt and not from debt service payments, indicating that debt displaces social expenditures not so much because it … organizations like the World Bank or the Inter-American Development Bank do not seem to ameliorate the adverse consequences of debt …This paper assesses the effects of total public debt (external and domestic) on social expenditure worldwide and in …

Investigación Working Paper #563 Public Debt and Social Expenditure: Friends or Foes? by Eduardo Lora …. Public debt and social expenditure : friends or foes? / by Eduardo Lora, Mauricio Olivera. p. cm. (Research Department …, DC 20577 The views and interpretations in this document are those of the authors and should not be attributed to the …

representative immigrant exhibiting higher or lower tax and transfer payments than a representative native of the same age and gender … in essentially two ways. Firstly, they have a demographic effect in enlarging the population (and thus the tax base) and … in altering its age- (and gender-) composition. Secondly, they change the fiscal characteristics of age cohorts due to a …

The economic literature often argues that basic income schemes and low wage subsidies to employees are just special …. This paper investigates the different target groups and the particular implications on government budget and labour supply … this number by only 10%. These differences explain why wage subsidy programs can be financed and evoke positive labour …

tax revenues and diminishing deficits. Yet this does not mean that fiscal fundament is sustainable. What are the chances … constitutional deficit limit, nor by the European Stability and Growth Pact. At the moment, the cyclical upswing triggers increasing …. Wenn öffentliche Investitionen, beispielsweise der Auf- bau öffentlicher Infrastruktur, auch künftigen Generationen Nutzen …

is that the left tends toward excessive deficits while the right practices a more prudent and restrictive fiscal policy … which hold that whatever room existed previously for partisanship in fiscal policy making has been sharply reduced if not …. The evidence produced in this paper suggests that the relationship between partisanship and fiscal policy is contingent on …

Verschwendung öffentlicher Mittel führt. In Hinblick auf mehr Konkurrenz und Effizienz kann mit Hilfe einer guten …...................... Commerce du Levant CDR..................... Council of Development and Reconstruction CIM ..................... Contract … ................. Middle East and North Africa MEIB................... Middle East Intelligence Bulletin NERP................... National …

and contributions which is often seen as a main challenge for the economic performance of the welfare state. In this paper …, we analyse the progressivity and redistribution induced by the tax benefit system in the EU-15 countries. We show that … progressive income tax system, a highly unequal pretax income distribution and regressive social insurance contributions. …