Bei der Finanzierung von Investitionen sind die Kommunen stark auf Fördermittel angewiesen. Diese werden über zahlreiche Programme verteilt, wobei die Länder eine maßgebliche Rolle spielen. Die empirische Forschung legt nahe, dass politische Verbindungen die Zuweisung dieser Mittel...

We review the main budgetary measures not accepted by the Portuguese Constitutional Court in the Budget Laws of 2012, 2013 and 2014. Considering the feedback effect of the fiscal impulse, the impact on the budget balance is -0.42% and of -0.34% of GDP respectively for 2013 and for 2014; in both...

We present a systematic quantitative approach how to analyze the reasons that judges in Nordic countries publicly adduce for their decisions in constitutional matters, as implemented in the Nordic CONREASON Project. Based on encodings of forty (per court) purposively selected landmark cases,...

The German Constitutional Court has powers that are no weaker than the powers of the US Supreme Court. Justices are openly selected by the political parties. Nonetheless, public and professional perception are strikingly different. Justices at the German court are not believed to be guided by...