The decision to manage currencies in international equity portfolios is a complex one, and is intrinsically related to … the final objective of the investor, whether it is risk reduction, or improvement in risk adjusted returns. In the absence … offer positive expected returns. An active investor can benefit from such risk premia and use currencies as a source of …

signs of fragmentation in trade and investment patterns among ten major trading countries or regional trading blocks. We …. Bilateral flows between the US and China have been damaged, but there is little evidence of wider fragmentation or that the …This paper utilizes available aggregate country-level data, as well as bilateral trade and investment data, to identify …

by design and national savings are high. China depends on the USA to consume what is not consumed domestically. The USA …Purpose - Trade relations between China and the USA have been marked by conflict, especially since China's membership … loss of jobs in the USA due to Chinese imports, competition in high technology sectors and the balance of trade. Conceptual …

own. These intermediate services are often non-traded, or costly to trade, and are best transferred through foreign direct … pattern of trade in goods can reverse when FDI is permitted, and (3) the optimal tax on FDI (which we do not advocate as a …Producer services such as managerial and engineering consulting can provide domestic firms with the substantial …

The question to what extent the EU, Germany, its regional states or individual localities can and should cooperate with … of Chinese actors is limited, and because Duisburg is not the home of many high-tech companies that might be attractive … western Germany, next to the rivers Rhine and Ruhr, as a particularly interesting case study. Its location is ideal as the …

Kenya and some of the popular myths surrounding Chinese economic activity. The first myth is that Chinese companies do not … suggest that Chinese firms offer relatively few technology transfer or supplier opportunities for local firms and academia …. Third, the popular focus of Chinese competition is on the impact on well-organized Kenyan producers and not on consumers …

office and Chinese courts) or through WTO, WIPO and other multilateral dispute settlement procedures; (5) commercial disputes … regards (7) energy trade and investment disputes, China has not yet ratified the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) providing for … countries, whose courts may not recognize arbitration awards by Chinese arbitration institutions and may hold Chinese investors …

Kenya and some of the popular myths surrounding Chinese economic activity. The first myth is that Chinese companies do not … suggest that Chinese firms offer relatively few technology transfer or supplier opportunities for local firms and academia …. Third, the popular focus of Chinese competition is on the impact on well-organized Kenyan producers and not on consumers …

treaty; (ii) a highly creditworthy buyer and (iii) an offtake/sales and purchase agreement (SPA) that does not expose lenders … or investors to market volume or price risk. Lenders and investors are incentivised to invest in green hydrogen projects …It is anticipated that green hydrogen will require government support for the next 15-20 years and that green hydrogen …

investment by 1.4 percent, on average. Deep agreements do not impact foreign direct investment in natural resources and …. Disciplines related to investment liberalization and protection, intellectual property rights, or migration increase foreign …Preferential trade agreements are growing in number and deepening in content by incorporating disciplines that go …