This paper provides a theoretical analysis of civil society activism and development. In a one period static model, the Government of a backward region attempts to acquire land for a development project in exchange for compensation. Citizen-activists observe a noisy signal about the size of...

Using costly-process models of war with democratic citizens and soldiers, this article explores two contrasting claims on the negative association between the probability of democratic victory and the duration of war. As a claim holds, democracies are not militarily disadvantageous in long wars....

This short essay explains why deeply embedding international law (IL) directly into domestic legal orders is seen as a helpful democratic legal strategy to make international law more effective. It also describes the logistics of embedding international law into national legal systems. The goal...