Foreman-Peck, James S.; Zhou, Peng - 2023
in new EU members accounted for these countries' high direct R&D intensity productivity, regardless of their generally …We model how R&D enters the innovation system in four ways (intramural, extramural, cooperative, and spillover … productivity effects of spillovers were at best smaller than intramural R&D productivity effects. We also find that building on the …