health care costs of a sizable increase in the retirement age in Germany. For the identification, we exploit a sizable cohort … individual level, we show that the increase in health care costs is modest relative to the positive fiscal effects of the pension …-specific pension reform which abolished an early retirement program for all women born after 1951. Our results show that health care …

types of analysis and examine how labor market fluctuations, health care costs, income, and economic structure are related …

Health care costs for U.S. employers tripled in the past twenty years. Using firm-specific health expenses data, I show … that firms negatively adjust capital expenditures and R\&D expenses in response to changes in health care costs. The … lower investment channel. My findings suggest that increased health care costs limit a firm's ability to expand physically …