Vernon, Nate; Parry, Ian W. H.; Black, Simon - 2022
were $5.9 trillion in 2020 or about 6.8 percent of GDP, and are expected to rise to 7.4 percent of GDP in 2025. Just 8 …This paper provides a comprehensive global, regional, and country-level update of: (i) efficient fossil fuel prices to … reflect their full private and social costs; and (ii) subsidies implied by mispricing fuels. The methodology improves over …