currency-by-currency basis, US dollar holdings are somewhat well explained by several issuer characteristics; but the other …

accompanied by an increase in the shares of the pound sterling, yen and euro, other long-standing reserve currencies and units … reflects active portfolio diversification by central bank reserve managers; it is not a byproduct of changes in exchange rates … countries that have played a more limited role as reserve currencies. A characterization of the evolution of the international …

accompanied by an increase in the shares of the pound sterling, yen and euro, other long-standing reserve currencies and units … reflects active portfolio diversification by central bank reserve managers; it is not a byproduct of changes in exchange rates … countries that have played a more limited role as reserve currencies. A characterization of the evolution of the international …

in shaping US dollar exchange rates. … the US dollar exchange rate across eight advanced economies from 1980 to 2022. We find that shocks to inflation … expectations, which are closely tied to unfunded government transfer payments, have a pronounced effect on the US dollar's value …

in shaping US dollar exchange rates. … the US dollar exchange rate across eight advanced economies from 1980 to 2022. We find that shocks to inflation … expectations, which are closely tied to unfunded government transfer payments, have a pronounced effect on the US dollar's value …

in shaping US dollar exchange rates. … the US dollar exchange rate across eight advanced economies from 1980 to 2022. We find that shocks to inflation … expectations, which are closely tied to unfunded government transfer payments, have a pronounced effect on the US dollar’s value …