The enlargement of the European monetary union to include the accession countries (ACs) will not lead to higher average … indicate that the implications for the euro area are significant only if we assume a strong real exchange rate appreciation and … if ACs are weighted in terms of purchasing power parity standards. In the event of real exchange rate or country …

A number of studies have concluded that, contrary to expectations, European monetary union has not reduced income … disparities among the 12 Western European member countries. In fact, incomes per capita between Southern and Northern Eurozone … standards across Western Europe. The paper revisits this issue and investigates whether something similar occurred in the five …

Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) has transformed Europe and has created an integrated pan-European economy. Much … research has focused on understanding this integration process and what benefits and costs it entails. This paper identifies a … political economy channel of EMU as the monetary union implies that member states had to transfer or at least curtail their …

, and Bulgaria, which has a currency board fixed to the euro, performed similarly or even better in macroeconomic terms than …-rate regime countries. Euro-area membership (or the use of a fixed exchange rate) has not been a factor determining economic …Southern European euro-area members suffered from unsustainable developments after they joined the euro in 1999 and up …

the European Union (EU): first, a political union or a European state; second, a differentiated and flexible integration … disintegration and/or dissolution of the EU through the exit of individual members or a joint decision to terminate the union. Design … of flexible and differentiated integration which does not allow for an overall view of political and policy issues …

(e.g. in the areas of tax and corporate law, the labour market or the financial sector) and technological capabilities … economically prosperous and institutionally stable community of Member States of the European Union (EU). At the analytical level …, we not only document a process of multi-dimensional polarisation of EU countries, but also link the existing economic …

(e.g. in the areas of tax and corporate law, the labour market or the financial sector) and in technological capabilities … economically prosperous and institutionally stable community of Member States of the European Union (EU). At the analytical level …, we not only document a process of multi-dimensional polarisation of EU countries, but also link the existing economic …

(e.g. in the areas of tax and corporate law, the labour market or the financial sector) and in technological capabilities … economically prosperous and institutionally stable community of Member States of the European Union (EU). At the analytical level …, we not only document a process of multi-dimensional polarisation of EU countries, but also link the existing economic …

, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Sweden. Except Sweden, all these countries tend to have low competitiveness not only relative to … and the Netherlands). For countries adopting the euro, issues of political economy may have a decisive effect on the … eventual outcome and largely determine their economic prospects within the Eurozone. The Greek experience shows that the …

disadvantaged by EU membership, by switching to the Euro, and by subsequent austerity measures; or (2) Greece accumulated excessive …-2000, Greece had 3.2% average GDP growth, 5.5% consumer inflation, a 10.5% unemployment rate, and a government deficit of 4.5% of ….0%, its unemployment rate is 25.4%, and its government deficit is 7.6% of GDP.Some economists suggest that Greece, as did …