research has focused on understanding this integration process and what benefits and costs it entails. This paper identifies a …Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) has transformed Europe and has created an integrated pan-European economy. Much … political economy channel of EMU as the monetary union implies that member states had to transfer or at least curtail their …

the European Union (EU): first, a political union or a European state; second, a differentiated and flexible integration … of flexible and differentiated integration which does not allow for an overall view of political and policy issues … of the polity; third, a covert and deepening integration of the polity outside of the political arenas; fourth, the …

order to deepen European integration at key points and thus to contribute, in the medium to long run, also to a … (e.g. in the areas of tax and corporate law, the labour market or the financial sector) and technological capabilities … economically prosperous and institutionally stable community of Member States of the European Union (EU). At the analytical level …

order to deepen European integration at key points; and thus also to contribute, in the medium to long run, to a … (e.g. in the areas of tax and corporate law, the labour market or the financial sector) and in technological capabilities … economically prosperous and institutionally stable community of Member States of the European Union (EU). At the analytical level …

order to deepen European integration at key points; and thus also to contribute, in the medium to long run, to a … (e.g. in the areas of tax and corporate law, the labour market or the financial sector) and in technological capabilities … economically prosperous and institutionally stable community of Member States of the European Union (EU). At the analytical level …

Variable geometry ought to imply "variably geometry Europe" as variable geometry or differentiated integration in the … (treaty-based) variable geometry or differentiated integration in the core European Union (EU) institutions - especially … Union and of the integration process. It is therefore the Euro area, and no longer the internal market, on which one would …

members but are not yet in the euro area - Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Romania (NMS-6), as well as … credibility of bank supervision or to gain access to larger industry-funded common backstops. The EU’s fiscal framework and … integration. Further liberalization of trade in services will likely benefit the NMS-6 more than other EU members …

complexity. Given the fact that it is impossible to (a priori) theoretically predict the impact of monetary integration on export … complexity, it is reasonable to search for the effects of the integration empirically. The authors used the Synthetic Control … may have for that feature of trade. According to the Ricardian and Hechscher-Ohlin models of trade, such a policy decision …

populations, i.e. whether or not the politicians and their electorates appreciate the way EU integration is proceeding. The … timing. Rather, the dominant factor is the overall perception of the European integration process by the countries and their …

established itself as the de facto core of European (political) integration, the UK’s preference for a stand-alone (and incomplete …) economic union became untenable, because the need to make the monetary union work calls for further integration and institution … too divergent for the Union to function properly should then not be discouraged to invoke Article 50 and to opt instead …