In: Regional science policy and practice : RSPP 16 (2024) 2, pp. 1-28
. Findings show that innovation, and hence competitiveness, are not always the result of clustering; clusters, as a spatial … type, and knowledge source, competitiveness is not related to clusters; in others, it depends on a specific location; and … clustering on the basis of models of Marshall-Arrow-Romer (MAR), Porter, or Jacobs, since proximity is known as a key perquisite …