Tsigaris, Panagiotis; Teixeira da Silva, Jaime A.; … - 2023
and economic shocks. The economic costs of the COVID-19 pandemic relative to its absence are estimated to be at least US$1 …For about three decades, the Japanese economy suffered a prolonged phase of economic stagnation but may have started … reforms. However, due to COVID-19, Japan's GDP decreased by 4.5% in 2020 from 0.7% in 2019. The economy increased by 1.7% in …