The terms of reference (ToR) for the project requested a flexible approach to the work. Our proposal was based on the potential scope outlined in the ToR but made it clear that we were willing to adapt to meet the Commission's needs. The potential scope included supporting the Commission in a...

Horst aan de Maas is situated in the north of the Limburg Province, the southernmost province of the Netherlands. The biggest municipality in the Limburg Province in terms of surface area, Horst aan de Maas covers a total surface area of 19,192 ha with 42,000 inhabitants. Its vast landscape is...

The title of European Green Leaf is awarded every year to recognise and promote the efforts of towns and smaller cities (20,000 up to 100,000 population) towards better environmental management and outcomes. The first cities were awarded the title in 2015. Now in its 6th year, the European...

The title of European Green Capital is awarded every year to a European city for its commitment to environmental, social and economic sustainability. The first city was awarded the title in 2010. Now in its 11th year, the European Commission will launch the competition to identify the winner of...

In a circular economy, waste generation is minimised, and the value of products, materials and resources is maintained for as long as possible. It is a new economic model that offers tremendous opportunities. It helps save natural resources, combats climate change, makes production, consumption...

There is a need to provide evidence-based assessments of the risks posed by invasive alien species (IAS) to underpin policies and prioritise action. Here we present ten risk assessments and associated management annexes for IAS selected following a prioritisation exercise. The selected species...

Europe boasts a stunning variety of plants, animals and landscapes for its small size. Much of its fauna and flora is found nowhere else in the world. Differences in climate, topography and geology have played an important role in shaping this unique biodiversity - so has Europe's long...

The objective of this study is to provide DG Environment with evidence to assess the implementation of Article 4 of the Directive 2012/19/EU on waste electrical and electronic equipment (hereafter referred to as the 'WEEE Directive') through the case of re-using laser and ink-jet printer...

The European turtle-dove (Streptopelia turtur) breeds across most of Europe, except the extreme north; and within the European Union (EU), only Ireland and Sweden do not have breeding populations. The breeding range extends east into China, and south into northern Africa. Birds migrate to...