This fourth ESPAS Global Trends Report is a contribution to the ongoing debate about the future of Europe, its role in the world and its ability to adapt and change to meet fresh challenges and harness new opportunities. In common with other foresight studies, this report does not predict the...

This fourth ESPAS Global Trends Report is a contribution to the ongoing debate about the future of Europe, its role in the world and its ability to adapt and change to meet fresh challenges and harness new opportunities. In common with other foresight studies, this report does not predict the...

The aim of this paper is to map out and analyse the way in which EU environmental law applies - and the degree to which it applies - the polluter pays principle (PPP) in article 191(2) Treaty on the functioning of the European Union (TFEU) through liability for environmental damage including...

This issue paper seeks to answer the following questions: If we were to extend the approach of the Energy Taxation Directive to set minimum tax rates to a wider basket of products/resources and environmental impacts: what environmental impacts should we target through the imposition of an...