Various algorithms for constructing weight matrices for Hopfield-type associative memories are reviewed, including ones with much higher capacity than the basic model. These alternative algorithms either iteratively approximate the projection weight matrix or use simple perceptron learning. An...

Although sliding mode control is simple and insensitive to uncertainties and disturbances, control input chattering is the main problem in the sliding mode controller (SMC). In the paper, the fuzzy neural networks sliding mode controller (FNNSMC) is presented firstly for a class of nonlinear...

Although sliding mode control is simple and insensitive to uncertainties and disturbances, control input chattering is the main problem in the sliding mode controller (SMC). In the paper, the fuzzy neural networks sliding mode controller (FNNSMC) is presented firstly for a class of nonlinear...

Information databases today contain many millions of electronic documents. Locating information on the Internet today is problematic, due to the enormous number of documents it contains. Several other studies have found that associating documents with a subject or list of topics can improve...

An inter-action diagram is a graphical view of computation processes and communication between different entities. It can be used for the design and testing of distributed systems. In particular, interaction diagrams offer significant advantages to the design of multi-agent systems, especially...

In this paper, we propose an approach for understanding mathematical expressions in printed document. The overall approach is divided into three main steps: (i) detection of mathematical expressions in a document, (ii) recognition of the symbols present in the expression and (iii) arrangement of...

(OCR) systems show poor performance while processing documents like old books or newspapers, Xerox materials, faxed documents, etc. Such documents are considered as degraded documents. One of the important reasons for poor recognition rate for degraded documents is existence of touching or...

In this paper, we propose an approach for understanding mathematical expressions (MEs) in printed document. The system is divided into three main components namely (i) detection of MEs in a document, (ii) recognition of the symbols present in each ME and (iii) arrangement of the recognized...

This paper deals with development of a corpus for a diagram language used to write mathematical expressions. This language involves a large set of special symbols, Greek letters in addition to English letters and digits. Symbols are not standardized and show wide variations in font size and...

Existence of touching characters in scanned documents is a major problem to design an effective character segmentation procedure for OCR systems. In this paper, new techniques are presented for identification and segmentation of touching characters. The techniques are based on fuzzy...