The current rules-based international order is being challenged by events in Ukraine and elsewhere, as well as by the general deterioration in relations between major states that has been unfolding for more than a decade. One consequence is that the international arms control regime has been put...

There is a growing consensus that sovereign debt challenges in Africa are no longer only an issue of poor debt contraction and management practices, but that the sovereign debt architecture itself needs reform. Drawing on existing data, the literature and interviews with experts this study...

As a part of a two-volume series, this report provides a strategic assessment of Finland, Sweden, Denmark and Germany in the context of escalating geopolitical threats in the Baltic Sea region. It analyses how each country has recalibrated its defence posture - through adjustments to military...

As part of a two-volume series, this report provides a critical analysis of NATO's north-eastern flank - Poland, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia - as a vital bulwark against evolving Russian threats. It examines how the four countries have transitioned from post-Soviet vulnerabilities into pivotal...

This report examines the structural nature of displacement across Gaza, the West Bank and Lebanon. It argues that displacement is not a humanitarian side effect of conflict but a deliberate and recurring strategy of Israeli governance, rooted in decades of settler-colonial and military control....

What lessons can Europe learn from Turkey's drive over the last decade to boost its own defence industry? The answer to this question largely depends on the perspective you take on Turkey: as a NATO ally to learn from and work with, or as a complicated neighbour with a strongman leadership on a...

The 2022 invasion of Ukraine prompted a crucial reassessment of European security by the European far right. While some parties remained firmly pro-Kremlin, others embraced a form of Atlanticism, though often lukewarm. With the far right gaining ground globally, it is time to take a closer look...

This report offers a field guide to the political and military actors shaping Syria's transition. It examines how rival powers govern with competing political visions, from centralised control in Damascus to self-rule in the northeast and independent local orders in the south. Despite tensions,...

The Islamic State Khorasan Province (ISKP) is perceived as the biggest jihadi terrorist threat to Europe. Yet, its operations in Europe are rarely analysed as a coherent phenomenon. Addressing this gap, this report traces seven ISKP-linked terror plots in Europe between 2020-2024. Facilitated by...

This report examines humanitarian security practice in Ukraine from 2022 through early 2025, tracking adaptation to technological warfare and confrontation with systematic funding withdrawal. Drawing on fieldwork in Ukraine including 22 interviews with humanitarian and security professionals,...