Over the last 30 years, at least 94 green-climate funds1 have been created to finance climate-related projects and programs in Emerging Markets and Developing Economies (EMDEs). Each individual fund may have been justified at the time of its creation. As a system, however, they do not add up and...

A zone of complex mobilities, a region with a diversified history and plural development, a key space for major socio-economic and political balances, the Sahel has produced its own internal conflicts, but also the mechanisms to manage them. However, for a decade, the Sahel has also been a...

The paper discusses the implications of General Artificial Intelligence (GAI) in public administrations and the specific questions it raises compared to specialized and « numerical » AI, based on the example of Customs and the experience of the World Customs Organization in the field of AI and...

The study reviews the very fragmented data on Covid-19 morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, and puts it into perspective with French and international data. Two Sahelian countries are studied in more detail: Burkina-Faso and Niger. Several seroprevalence surveys are reviewed, showing a...