On 9 April 2024, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) delivered a landmark ruling in Verein KlimaSeniorinnen Schweiz and Others v. Switzerland. The ruling was handed down together with two further rulings in Duarte Agostinho and others v. Portugal and others, and in Carême v. France. The...

Recent literature has emphasised that the degradation of nature can have significant implications for central banks in delivering on their mandates. While the primary and most effective actors to address the nature crisis are governments and legislators, central banks will also need to take into...

Given the urgent need to dramatically reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and concern regarding insufficient climate action and ambition across the globe, NGOs and individuals are increasingly turning to the courts to force States, public authorities, and private entities to increase their climate...

This paper examines the issues of secession and expulsion from the European Union (EU) and Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). It concludes that negotiated withdrawal from the EU would not be legally impossible even prior to the ratification of the Lisbon Treaty, and that unilateral withdrawal...

The European Central Bank (ECB) is one of the few international/ supranational institutions based on German territory. As with other international organisations, the ECB enjoys privileges and immunities in order to ensure its independence and proper functioning. This status is sometimes compared...

On 31 March 2004 the Council of Ministers and the European Parliament adopted the Public Sector Procurement Directive, with a national implementation deadline of 31 January 2006. In common with earlier Community public sector procurement legislation, the new Directive seeks to ensure that...

Procurement law is rising in importance year after year. According to the European Commission, public procurement now accounts for over 14% of the EU's gross domestic product. Also at the ECB, spending through procurement is growing, and the evolution of its procurement law from non-binding...

The two contributions in this legal working paper discuss the various aspects of composite administrative procedures in the context of both Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM) and Single Resolution Mechanism (SRM) decision-making procedures. It addresses the definition of such procedures, their...

Procurement law is rising in importance year after year. According to the European Commission, public procurement now accounts for over 14% of the EU's gross domestic product. Also at the ECB, spending through procurement is growing, and the evolution of its procurement law from non- binding...

The five contributions in this legal working paper discuss various aspects of investment arbitration. They were originally presented at the ECB legal colloquium on 'The new challenges raised by investment arbitration for the EU legal order' which took place in Frankfurt am Main in 2019.