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This paper outlines how a 2011 Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) with a rich disaggregation in the energy sectors is constructed for Turkey. The disaggregated SAM incorporates 38 production activities, 9 of which produce energy, 33 commodities, 2 factors of production as labor and capital, three...

For a long time fuels such as gas, coal or oil have been the most important cost items for power generation accounting for 70% of the variable costs (Crampes and Fabra, 2005), since they were usually marginal generation technologies that set wholesale prices (Bosco et al., 2010). Intuitively,...

Reducing extreme poverty and protecting the environment are two of the eight Millennium Development Goals (UN, 2012). Approximately 60% of the ecosystems currently used to produce goods and services are being exploited in an unsustainable manner. The establishment of protected areas is a...

OPEC claims that the aim of this organization is to coordinate and unify the petroleum policies among its member countries to ensure a secure and stable income provision to its member countries; an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consuming nations; and a fair return on...

Determine the optimal response of a small open economy's central bank to financial shocks that lead to increases in credit spreads. Increasing credit spreads reduce the efficacy of monetary policy when the central bank is reducing the policy rate to accommodate a lowering in economic...

The dating of cyclical phenomena in economies, such as business cycles, is at the core of economic policy research. Moreover, policy decisions which are due to affect interacting economies should take into account the economies' connectedness and synchronicity. The cross-country analysis of...

the process-technology progress which is caused by the improvement of the productive technologies can reduce the demands of the intermediate inputs in the productive process, and then reduce the energy demands and the carbon emissions. Thus, to improve the level of process technologies is an...

Indonesia’s economy is getting more integrated with the global economy. Potential impact of global economy shocks to domestic economy propagated through trade channel and financial channel are increasingly pronounced. Risk of sudden reversal following large capital inflows poses a serious...

Quebec’s forests represent 20% of the Canadian forest and 2% of world forests. They play a major role for habitat preservation, supplying goods and services to the population and hence contribute to the economy of this Canadian province. Climate change will have an impact of the forest through...