This paper compares contractual with effective working hours and wages, respectively. Effective working hours are defined as contractual working hours minus absent working hours. This approach takes into account workers' downward adjustment of working time via paid absenteeism if working time...

As spread between the WTI and Brent crude oil price is widening after early 2011, it could be that the price relationship between these crude oil is changing. To see if such change affected the price linkages among the international crude oil markets, this study investigates if the world's major...

This paper broadens the scope of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) models by deriving a gravity equation for foreign re-investment. Re-investments in foreign subsidiaries are an equally frequent and unstudied phenomenon in international economics. However, previous empirical studies estimate a...

This paper examines the impact of immigration on income inequality. Using data from 1990 and 2000 US Censuses, we link the changes in income inequality as measured by the Gini index with immigrant flows into each metropolitan area in the U.S. We address endogeneity of immigrant inflows by...

The labor market is introduced into the standard vertical differentiation model, linking increasingly the quality of the product and the effort necessary for workers to produce it. Surprisingly, when two firms compete on the product market but are monopolies on the labor market, at equilibrium...

Using a distance-based approach, this paper proposes an index of financial inclusion (IFI) – a measure of inclusiveness of a financial system that incorporates information on various dimensions of financial inclusion in a single number lying between 0 and 1. The proposed index is easy to...

Hansen and Lønstrup [Journal of Population Economics, 2012] construct a three-period, life-cycle model to study the famed Ben-Porath mechanism and attempt to reconcile it with the empirical findings in Hazan [Econometrica, 2009]:increased life expectancy has a positive effect on schooling but a...

This paper aims at estimating the determinants of co-authorship in economics. More specifically, we test if there is a relationship between the efficiency in research of an individual and that of his co-authors using a novel database of French academics. The main empirical result is that the...

We use consumption expenditure data from the National Sample Surveys (1993-94 and 2009-10) and decompose the overall inequality in total consumption expenditure by different sources (food, education, health, durable goods and other items). Findings indicate that food expenditures which are the...

We analyze the impact of policing and socio-economic variables on crime in England and Wales during 1992-2007 using the quantile regression model which enables us to analyze different points of the crime distribution. The quantile regression model allows us to analyze whether or not the factors...