Recent stress episodes in U.S. short-term dollar funding markets have brought renewed attention to the functioning of these markets and how they interact with capital markets more generally. The history of U.S. money markets and stock and bond markets before the founding of the Federal Reserve...

A safe asset is a debt instrument that is expected to maintain its value over time, especially during adverse systemic events. Changes in the supply of safe assets can have a significant influence on short-term, risk-free interest rates. (Ferreira & Shousha, 2020) "When the scarcity of safe...

Technological advances in recent years have led to a growing number of fast, electronic means of payment available to consumers for everyday transactions, raising questions for policymakers about the role of the public sector in providing a digital payment instrument for the modern economy. From...

The Federal Reserve (the Fed), the central bank of the United States, has a Congressional mandate to promote maximum employment and price stability. While those goals were articulated in 1977, the approach and tools used to implement those objectives have changed over time

The consumer credit card market has experienced dramatic, unprecedented changes in the wake of the COVID-19 shutdown of the U.S. economy. Revolving credit in the G.19 Consumer Credit statistical release fell by an annualized rate of 32 percent in the second quarter of 2020

The United Sates government has a long history of involvement in mortgage finance. During the 1930s, the government created the Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLB), the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), and the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae)

The April 2016 Kumamoto earthquake in southwest Japan has sent ripple effects through global supply chains. Toyota, Honda and Sony halted most Japanese production following the quake, and more recently General Motors announced production stoppages at four North American plants, citing parts...

On December 16, 2015, the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) determined it was appropriate to raise the effective federal funds rate from the 0 to 25 basis point range it had been set at since late 2008. This note highlights where some of the key elements of the FOMC's approach to policy...

In this note, we use recently released loan level data collected under the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) to examine how the new ability-to-repay (ATR) rules may have affected mortgage lending activity in 2014