State-owned financial institutions fall into three main groups: commercial banks, hybrid banks, and development institutions. The larger state-owned commercial banks/ groups include Sberbank, the VTB Bank group, and Gazprombank. Like private commercial banks, these institutions do not have a...

The establishment of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (CBR) as a unified or 'Mega Regulator' in 2013 is an emblem of the far reaching changes to the legal and supervisory landscape in recent years. The level of compliance with the Basel Core Principles (BCP) reflects the transitional...

The experiences of past financial crises have strengthened the Russian bank resolution framework. The resolution framework has been effective in preserving financial stability. The effectiveness of bank resolution could be improved. Introduction of the full range of resolution powers and...

Mexico's challenges in infrastructure finance can be framed along similar lines as other Advanced Economies (AEs) and large Emerging Market Economies (EMEs). Mexico is particularly well placed to make capital markets a reliable financing source complementing bank financing. Its capital markets...

Major reforms and public sector efforts in recent years have focused on improving conditions for increased private sector financing. However, and despite numerous financial institutions operating in the market, financial services penetration remains low. While much progress has been made,...