The economy can be affected, either positively or negatively, by the process of devaluation of local currency. An improvement in trade balance is considered as one of the most significant and beneficial impacts of devaluation. However, higher inflation would lead to expensive imports that offset...

It is suggested that developing countries could catch up with the developed world if only they attained increased levels of human development. The links between growth and human development are complex even with human capital its self and human capital to the physical capital. Besides large...

Using monthly data on foreign exchange reserves from June 1995 through June 2005, we find that in line with other country-specific studies the opportunity cost of holding reserves played a greater role than reserve volatility in determining the level of reserves in Pakistan. Our finding is in...

This paper examines the relationships between monetary wage and its theoretical explanatory variables using a Structural Time Series (STS) model in order to take into account the unobserved components (trend, cycle, seasonal and irregular) of wage. Theoretically, the monetary wage is negatively...

This study empirically estimates the critical parameters of the aggregate export demand function for Jordan by using annual time series data (1970-2004) and by applying both Johansen-Juselius and Saikkonen-Lütkepohl multivariate cointegration procedures. The empirical results confirm that there...

This paper provides simulation evidence on Granger causality between two variables when they are jointly caused by a third variable. Four Data Generating Processes (DGPs) are considered for testing causality by Granger method and two DGPs for testing causality by Toda and Yamamoto (1995)...

By utilising South Korea’s annual data from 1986 to 2004, the regression results are found to be consistent with the hypothesis that more intense competition makes a substantial contribution to real per capita income growth rate. It is also evident in the structural change analysis that...

Recently, Bodla and Bhatti (2007) revisited Davidson and MacKinnon’s (2002) well-known J test and noted that thought the test is simple to compute but lack small sample exact test computation properties. This paper is one of the attempts to compute a new version of the J test and compare its...

We analyzed the relationship between wages and productivity in 1990 - 2007 period in Turkey. At the first stage we followed the traditional unit root tests and apply the analysis followed by unit root test procedure proposed by Caner and Hansen (2001). Then we discussed the long run nonlinear...

This paper examines the impacts of trade intensity as measured by the share of exports plus imports in GDP and economic growth proxies by the GDP per capita on air pollution as measured by CO2 emissions. We focus on Sub-Saharan Africa as a whole during the period 1961-2003 to see how trade...