In recent years, the importance of achieving staffing flexibility to balance supply and demand in unpredictable environments, such as hospitals, has grown. This study focuses on shift design with task rotations for a multi-skilled workforce, specifically in service contexts characterized by...

The task of scheduling jobs to machines while minimizing the total makespan, the sum of weighted completion times, or a norm of the load vector are among the oldest and most fundamental tasks in combinatorial optimization. Since all of these problems are in general NP -hard, much attention has...

Flow shops are well-studied machine environments in which all jobs must visit all machines in the same order. While conventional flow shops assume that each job traverses the shop only once, many industrial environments require jobs to loop through the shop multiple times before completion. This...