This paper explores the ramifications of customs unions (CUs) for multilateral trade cooperation within an economic environment characterized by trade-volume volatility and in a competing-exporters framework. We demonstrate that the parallel formation of different CUs leads to a gradual but...

When do citizens support foreign direct investment (FDI) in developing countries? FDI flows are the single largest source of global capital flows and are considered a conduit for economic growth. However, many studies find a negative impact of FDI inflows, such as an increase in inequality,...

In this paper, we address main entrepreneurship puzzles prevailing in microfinance literature. The literature has shown that it is much more difficult to improve business outcomes for female entrepreneurs than for their male counterparts. This paper provides new empirical evidence to...

This study aims to identify the need for ambiguity as a result of mixed and contradictory suggestions of the trade agreement and capital liberalisation on a country’s welfare. Using more comprehensive datasets on inflow and outflow capital control, we find significant and mixed capital control...

Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly emerged as a transformative technology with the potential to revolutionize numerous industries and applications. While government organizations actively support the AI innovation ecosystem through funding and policy making, their active and direct...

Can public diplomacy efforts effectively change target country public’s perception of the sender country? Public diplomacy has been regarded as a means of promoting a country's soft power, and many countries have been exerted great about of effort and resources in this pursuit by building...

I document externalities in the agricultural sector of India due to air pollution. Using variation in pollution induced by changes in wind, I show that higher levels of particulate matter lead to decreased agricultural productivity, with changes in productivity of 10 percent being common....

Poverty is typically measured as insufficient yearly income or consumption. In practice, however, poverty is marked by seasonality, economic instability, and illiquidity across months. To capture within-year variability, we extend traditional poverty measures to include a temporal dimension....

This paper examines how the democratic transition in Korea affected firm strategy through the changes in industrial relations. The existing studies have pointed out that it unleashed workers’ demand that had been suppressed by the authoritarian regime, though there was little disaggregated...

How does survey language affect survey responses? In many parts of the world, people use multiple languages within the same country. Yet, existing literature suggests that linguistic minorities often systematically misrepresent not only their political opinion but also their recollection of...