This paper presents an overview of the literature on spatial models of European Union (EU) politics. We discuss the early theoretical literature from the 1990s as well as more recent models. The early models focused on the legislative procedures in the EU, whereas later models analyze specific...

This paper looks at EU trade policy and more specifically at the negotiating mandate the Council must grant the Commission to start trade negotiations. The negotiating mandate is a set of directives that impose limits to the proposals the Commission can make. As such the mandate is legally...

This study analyses the effectiveness of targeted public support for R&D investment. In particular, we test whether the specific policy design aiming at incentivizing (international) collaboration and R&D in small and medium-sized firms achieves the desired objectives on input as well as output...

This paper tests whether upstream R&D cooperation leads to downstream collusion. We consider an oligopolistic setting where firms enter in research joint ventures (RJVs) to lower production costs or coordinate on collusion in the product market.We show that a sufficient condition for identifying...

Subsidiaries of Multinational Enterprises (MNE) located in Flanders have been an important source of innovation and growth for the region. However, new trends in the global environment, including the rapid rise of emerging countries, have fundamentally affected the position of Flanders for...

As one of the strongest determinants of the vote choice of United States citizens, party identification has been the object of extensive scholarly attention. Despite fifty years of research, its place in the funnel of causality and its applicability outside the United States remains unclear. In...