New electricity markets carry inherent risks of volatility and market power abuse - teething troubles that can derail reform. Vesting contracts are transitional financial hedges imposed before privatization to stabilize generator revenues and protect retailers - and, ultimately, consumers - from...

To maximize the contribution of variable renewable energy sources, long duration storage is critical, since variable sources, notably wind and solar, often generate excess power at off-peak times. The successful Yingcheng compressed air energy storage project in China is presently the world’s...

Different private sector-led and government-led approaches to the development of solar hybrid mini grids are found around the world. Five approaches used in Africa are reviewed here. Each works better in some contexts than in others; each has advantages and disadvantages. In private-sector-led...

Synthetic fertilizers are essential to sustaining the world's population, but their production is responsible for 1.8-2.4 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions. Clean hydrogen holds growing potential (amid falling costs) to decarbonize fertilizer production. Hydrogen produces synthetic...

Scaling up energy efficiency is critical to the energy transition-and the public sector is a good place to start. Programs in public buildings, in particular, can introduce new models and thus help shape markets. Given the limits of public financing against huge investment needs, countries must...

Although by its very nature climate resilience can never be fully "standardized", the development and mainstreaming of climate resilience metrics can benefit from greater consensus around key topics. Areas such as metric categories, methodologies, and reporting frameworks can be aligned through...