Low levels of foundational literacy and numeracy skills in Kosovo limit the ability of young adults to develop the skills required for the labor market and to lead full and productive lives. It is well documented that early childhood development (ECD)in the first 1,000 days of life lays the...

Vietnam is a young country on the cusp of a dramatic aging of the population that is taking place at a faster pace and at an earlier level of development than most other countries in the world. Though Vietnam's favorable demographic window of opportunity is still open, this report argues it...

Indonesia has made remarkable development progress over the past 20 years. Prior to the COVID-19 crisis, the country was able to maintain consistent annual economic growth averaging 5 percent and attained upper middle-income country status in 2020. Currently, as the world's tenth-largest economy...

About 85 million persons with disabilities live in Latin America and the Caribbean today. They comprise a highly heterogeneous population, but share a common history of invisibility and exclusion. In the last decades, persons with disabilities have improved their situation in terms of...

The goal of this assessment is to identify barriers and opportunities to the supply of and demand for labor among persons with disabilities in Russia, as well as opportunities to increase their participation in the labor market. The research includes an overview of legis-lation, social policies,...

Across the world, governments use minimum wages, employment protection legislation, and other labor regulations that define the legal boundaries of employment to manage potential labor market imperfections. These imperfections include information asymmetry, uneven market power between employers...

A rapidly urbanizing world presents enormous economic opportunities for the poor and vulnerable but also presents significant barriers to their economic inclusion. About two thirds of the world's population is expected to live in urban centers by 2050, with nearly 90 percent of this increase in...

The informal economy in Africa is large and diverse, and it is the main source of employment in the region. It is projected to grow and create more jobs. The informal economy is well established in the region, but it also faces a host of development challenges. It is characterized by low human...

The objective of the report is to assess and find potential solutions to the challenge's youth face when transitioning from school to work with a focus on labor market 'supply side' reforms that are relevant to improve the employability of youth. We recognize that rural and urban investment...

The Family Hope Program (Program Keluarga Harapan - PKH), a conditional cash transfer (CCT) program launched in 2007, has become one of the country's flagship social protection programs, targeting the poorest families in Indonesia to reduce their expenditure burden and improve their wellbeing...