This Note discussess the usefulness of Online Dispute Resolution (“ODR”) systems in pre-insolvency situations. Traditionally used in bilateral contractual disputes, ODR also presents prospects for expanding access to justice in the insolvency field. Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises...

This note reviews empirical evidence on the impacts of insolvency regimes on entrepreneurship, access to credit, preservation of viable businesses and jobs, and other variables contributing to economic development. Its objective is to provide policy makers with evidence to guide insolvency...

Taxes and public spending underpin the basic administration of government and finance the human capital and infrastructure investments needed for economic growth. They can also have a significant and immediate impact on poverty and inequality. The question of how public finance can support...

This brief presents the 2025 update of the GovTech Maturity Index (GTMI), offering a global snapshot of public sector digital transformation across 197 economies. The GTMI assesses four focus areas, Core Government Systems (CGSI), Online Public Service Delivery (PSDI), Digital Citizen Engagement...

Climate-related and other natural disasters, such as droughts and floods, have a significant impact on agricultural producers and pose substantial risks and costs to agricultural lenders. This study aims to assess how FIs with a sizable agricultural loan portfolio manage credit risk arising from...

Regardless of the individual perspectives on Artificial Intelligence (AI), it can transform the personal and professional lives at an unprecedented pace. It will also impact one of the most regulated and supervised industries in the world - the financial sector. Risk-based supervision (RBS) has...

The report presents an analysis of the adoption and implementation of accrual accounting in the public sector to explore its role in providing information on fiscal sustainability, informing economic analysis, and supporting policy decision-making. The analysis examines the benefits and...

This note presents the results of the analysis of Value Added Tax (VAT) and Corporate Income Tax (CIT) compliance and policy gap estimates in Indonesia between 2016 and 2021. The study's objective is to quantify the magnitude of the tax gaps and to identify drivers behind the low efficiency of...

This note examines the effective income tax rates of top earners in Honduras, using a novel approach that links personal and corporate income tax data. This comprehensive income measure, achieved through collaboration with the Honduras Tax Authority (SAR), reveals a crucial link between the...

The paper advances a framework to take stock of CIT incentives across two interrelated policy objectives: stimulating investment in green sectors and processes; and/or encouraging divestment from dirty sectors. It distinguishes three categories of CIT incentives related to the green agenda: (i)...