Labour provisions have become more commonplace in trade agreements and increasingly comprehensive in their scope. The Handbook provides practical information in a format geared towards non-specialist audiences focusing on different approaches regarding the content and implementation mechanisms...

The economic crisis has raised the degree of socio-economic heterogeneity among EU Member States aggravated by imbalances in structural factors that could intensify in the future. The establishment of a European Pillar of Social Rights could foster upward convergence of socioeconomic outcomes by...

The Spanish economy has begun to recover from both the global financial crisis of 2008 and the sovereign debt crisis of 2011 and has made some employment gains. However, the recovery remains both incomplete and fragile. On current trends, it would take at least a decade for the unemployment rate...

The employment situation remains a major source of concern in the majority of countries in the European Union. Half of the region’s unemployed have been without work for more than a year, and unless the policy approach changes, the prospects are for a sluggish employment recovery. The...

This report analyses employment and social trends in Portugal in the wake of the financial assistance programme agreed with the European Commission, the European Central Bank and the IMF. It also discusses international best practices available to inspire Portugal in its efforts towards cutting...