In this EconPol Policy Report, we assess various options for EU climate policy utilizing a quantitative trade and environment model. We investigate the EU’s 2030 emission reduction target, evaluate the impact of the newly introduced Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), and analyze...

This EconPol Report sheds light on the global supply of semiconductors. Our analysis of value-added data for the US underscores the importance of semiconductors for advanced economies. Using global trade data and an extensive list of semiconductor-related goods, we provide a detailed description...

The severe upheavals caused by anthropogenic climate change have led to an increasing global effort to mitigate the negative effects of global warming. In this, the European Union has taken the lead in pioneering initiatives to achieve carbon neutrality as a continent by 2050. The climate...

By international comparison as well as compared to other EU policies, the EU’s Cohesion Policy (CP) evaluation system is far developed and institutionalized. This paper analyses the remaining gaps and shortcomings in the CP evaluation system against principles established by the OECD and...

The service sector has been a key driver of growth in the European Union (EU) over the past two decades. However, despite the principle of free movement of services, the single market still faces significant national barriers and remains a patchwork of 27 systems across member states....

Russia's foreign trade has shifted, causing a 30% depreciation in the Rouble due to declining oil prices and EU embargoes on Russian oil. While exports have decreased by 32%, imports have increased by 17% due to innovative ways to bypass trade sanctions. Despite EU restrictions, only around...

In 2023, Russia experienced a 3.5% economic growth, but forecasts for 2024 indicate a slowdown to 1.5% due to tightened monetary policies and the expected global economic slowdown. Despite large military spending and Western energy sanctions eroding budget revenues, fiscal deficits have been...

This report highlights the effects of international sanctions on Russia's economic performance up to mid-2024. Despite monetary tightening, Russia's early 2024 economic growth remained strong due to a tight labor market and continued credit expansion. The fiscal outlook has improved with more...

Europe has to respond to a new and more contested security order. Russia’s imperial ambitions threaten stability and peace, while the United States demands from the European NATO countries to contribute more to their own security. To improve defence capabilities, Europe has to increase defence...

From the earliest announcement of the European Green Deal, the current EU political cycle has been defined by an unprecedented acceleration in the scale and pace of climate policy. Under difficult conditions that sometimes tested the ability to engage stakeholders, including various external...