We develop a new monthly indicator of supply bottlenecks using newspaper articles. The supply bottlenecks index (SBI) provides a consistent narrative of supply issues related to wars, natural disasters, strikes and, most recently, the COVID-19 pandemic. Innovations in the SBI have important...

The Phillips curve has flattened out over the last decades. Inspired by the recent evidence about the dynamics of the industrial structure in some advanced economies, we build up a model that rationalizes this phenomenon as a result of the observed increase in polarization in many industries,...

Loans to Member States under the SURE programme were part of the unprecedented European Union (EU) response to the COVID-19 crisis in 2020-2021. Resources were used to finance countries’ public spending on temporary unemployment schemes. The EU raised funds on the capital markets by issuing...