Purpose: This paper aims to optimise the dynamic performance of production–inventory control systems in terms of minimisation variance ratio between the order rate and the consumption, and minimisation the integral of absolute error between the actual and the target level of inventory by...

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of applying two classical controller strategies, including two proportional (P) controllers with two feedback loops and one proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller with one feedback loop, on the order and inventory...

During locomotive movement in traction or braking modes, body weight distribution varies between bogies in different proportions depending on many factors. Each bogie and wheelset thus experiences a different traction coefficient. Locomotive manufacturers introduce traction control system...

The long tradition of analysing train dynamics and wagons dynamics separately is supported by both software and standards. The assumption that coupler angles are so small that the consequential vertical and lateral force components can be ignored does not necessarily hold as trains become...