In recent economic and business environment, firms, especially startups, are interested in financial opportunities, such as capital raising and acquisition. Typically, potential investors will be attracted by firms that exhibit nice trends of profit growth, and therefore firms need to manage...

We study an uncertain inventory routing problem with a finite horizon. The supplier acts as a central planner who determines replenishment quantities and also the times and routes for delivery to all retailers. We allow ambiguity in the probability distribution of each retailer's uncertain...

In this paper, we propose a decision criterion that characterizes an enveloping bound on monetary risk measures and is computationally friendly. We start by extending the classical Value at Risk (VaR) measure. While VaR evaluates the threshold loss value such that the loss from the risk position...

In agricultural supply chains, most farmers are troubled by production capital constraints, resulting in inability to expand production scale. Although agricultural supply chain finance (ASCF) is of great significance, its research is still in its infancy. This study structures an agricultural...

Air pollution caused significant public health issues and tremendous economic costs for developing societies. In comparison, existing studies on the successful efforts to curb air pollution mainly focus on developed nations, with limited implications for the Global South. As the world’s...

Firms engage in product proliferation to take advantage of heterogeneous customers. Product upgrading, where a customer may be served with an upgrade to a higher quality product or service, has been an increasingly popular practice. Despite its popularity, there is limited understanding of how...