We examine the role of substitution from traditional to modern energy carriers and of differential rates of innovation in the use of each of these in Sweden from 1850 to 1950. We use a simple growth model with a nested CES production function and exogenous factor augmenting technological change...

On the European aggregate level there is an inverted-U curve for long-term energy intensity. In the 19th century aggregate European energy intensity rose, followed by a declining trend during the 20th century. This article discusses the possible explanations for the declining trend during the...

This paper introduces a new database of Swedish innovations, SWINNO, in manufacturing and some services such as software. Innovation data are collected with the Literature Based Innovation Output method (LBIO) by use of trade journals and technical magazines and cover the period 1970-2007. Each...