The estimation of the costs of a product or project and the decisions based on these forecasts are subject to much uncertainty relating to factors like unknown future developments. This has been addressed repeatedly in research studies focusing on different aspects of uncertainty; unfortunately,...

By 2028 Rolls-Royce predict a civil after sales market opportunity of USD 550 billion and for military engines of USD 300 billion. Naturally, with this anticipated business Product Service Systems (PSS) have experienced a growth in interest by both industry and research. To achieve effective and...