This paper introduces a type of circular causation called Congestive Mode-Switching (CMS) that may arise when an increase in congestion penalizes transit relative to driving. If demand is also elastic, rising congestion persuades some transit riders to drive, which exacerbates congestion...

To show how inclusionary zoning alters development, the author finds the most profitable housing design to build on vacant lots at each location in a monocentric city under different regulatory regimes. Section 1 sets up the model by specifying renter's preferences, geography and building...