This paper explores philanthropic finance by analysing data on the sizes and structures of the 20 highest-giving private foundations in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan in 2005. It is shown that socio-cultural rather than purely economic indicators are better predictors...

<title>Abstract</title> <roman>Saemaul Undong</roman> <italic>is an integrated rural development program (IRDP) that was particularly active in the 1970s in South Korea. On the one hand, the IRDP literature generally refers to <roman>Saemaul Undong</roman> as a collection of know-hows and actions accumulated through the process of trial-and-error,...</italic>