Banks around the globe are implementing IFRS 9 which is a considerable effort. A key element of IFRS 9 is a forward-looking “expected loss” impairment model, which is a significant shift from the current incurred loss model. In this paper, we examine how we may use A-IRB models in the...

Bond laddering and bond indexing have been widely accepted approaches to bond investing among retail investors. However, bond laddering has virtually been ignored in both the academic literature and most of the popular investment textbooks. One thing both approaches have in common is that they...