Background: Cross-border suppliers have always been points of disruption, further impacting international trade, businesses, and societies along the chain. Understanding the current resilience capabilities of cross-border suppliers is a stepping-stone to implementing resilience initiatives and...

Purpose: The impact of supply disruptions from unplanned events can cause goods shortage, limited responsiveness and high opportunity cost thus compromising development aid programmes' achievement targets. These situations force humanitarian aid agencies to develop new strategies for...

This paper introduces the vehicle routing problem with soft time windows (VRPSTW) in which problem definition differs from ones previously defined in literature. Branch-and-price approach is employed, resulting in a set partitioning master problem and its new subproblem. Novel techniques are...