Despite its importance as a public good, little research studies how fire protection services affect housing markets or other economic outcomes. We focus on fire levies that are up for renewal so that the timing of the levy is exogenous, to help preserve the independence of votes. We use...

This paper estimates the effects of knowledge spillovers on patent growth rates across 335 European regions over the 1989-1999 period. We propose a dynamic model based on an innovation production function. A Bayesian approach is used to take into account area-specific innovation and spatial...

A space–time filter is set forth for spatial panel data situations that include random effects. We propose a general spatial dynamic specification that encompasses several spatiotemporal models previously used in the panel data literature. We apply the model to the case of highway induced...

A pair of municipalities may consolidate services if they are contiguous. Traditional estimation methods assume that each voting process is independent. Instead we propose a new estimation procedure that allows the probability of consolidation to be influenced by neighbouring decisions. We...

We develop a general space-time filter applied to panel data models in order to control for heterogeneity as well as both time and spatial dependence. Treatment of initial period observations is analyzed when the number of time periods is small. A second issue relates to an implied restriction...