In a context of sustained price decline and heightened volatility in the global cobalt market, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC),the world’s leading producer, suspended its cobalt exports in February 2025. This decision aimed to recalibrate international prices, reinforce mineral...

In a context of sustained price decline and heightened volatility in the global cobalt market, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)—the world’s leading producer—suspended its cobalt exports in February 2025. This decision aimed to recalibrate international prices, reinforce mineral...

This paper aims to examine the Lucas paradox in the DRC, and more specifically to test whether institutional quality could be a key variable for the resolution of the paradox in the DRC. Using Granger’s dynamic causality analysis and Toda-Yamamoto’s in-depth analysis, we find that the Lucas...

The COVID-19 pass-through on the financial system runs at supersonic speed and undermines financial stability with a contraction of claims on the private sector, withdrawal of deposits, and tightening the financial conditions. The main objective of this study is to investigate the unprecedented...

This paper aims to examine the Lucas paradox in the DRC, and more specifically to test whether institutional quality could be a key variable for the resolution of the paradox in the DRC. Using Granger’s dynamic causality analysis and Toda-Yamamoto’s in-depth analysis, we find that the Lucas...

This reflection attempts to explain the issue of dollarization in a different and innovative way with new recipes for ideas to understand how dollarization works and slow down its pace. Proceeding by a mathematical reflection of limits, we show that in a period of stability, when the rate of...

This note sparks a debate and a state of play in the age of the digital revolution, on the adoption of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) for central banks.

This article provides an overview of inflation-forecast targeting (IFT) to build credibility and maintain stability. We show how inflation-forecast targeting is a transparent approach and an ideal strategy for monetary policy. In addition, public understanding would be essential to foster...

This article explores the potential opportunity of FinTech on the financial system in the dark and wicked era of COVID-19. We first provide a seven-figure overview of the unpleasant impact of COVID-19 on the financial system. FinTech sees itself on the one hand as a hope to rebalance the global...

World is gripped by the specter of COVID-19, which is rampant across all planetary systems and straining many parts of our societies and economies in ways we never imagined. A year and two months after the onset of one of the most serious crises, we are slowly understanding the ramifications of...