E-tailers such as Amazon and JD.com have long been criticized for the co-existence of copycat and genuine products sold on their platforms. Although many brands have developed blockchain-based digital manufacturing systems which can enable the traceability of the genuine products, consumers...

In practice, agency e-commerce is also referred to as e-marketplace, where copycats that have nearly identical “consumption quality” with the genuine products are commonly observed. The e-marketplace may not have incentives to combat copycats, so we observe many brands are using a truly new...

Recently, government such as India, Canada and China have levied environment tax on production while subsidized the output of remanufactured components to promote resource-saving and pollution reduction. As a result, many original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) have collaborated with the...

Multinational firms (MNFs) that outsource production in the developing countries have been identified as the main contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These MNFs are therefore required to uphold sustainability goals, which propels the manufacturers in developing countries to make...

Turbulent events such as the COVID-19 pandemic have caused severe disruptions to direct-delivery trade in cross-border e-commerce. For the e-tailers operating both bonded-warehouse and direct-delivery channels, self-reliant shipping will undoubtedly avoid the loss of control of logistics...