Our study aims to shed light on the factors that drive managers' sustainability‐related decision‐making. We take a multilevel perspective, analyzing individual‐, organizational‐, and institutional‐level factors, which allows us to present a coherent account of a complex environment of...

Firms can disclose social information via different channels such as SEC filings, stand-alone sustainability reports, or financial reports. Based on the notion that investors interpret such disclosures from a risk perspective, we analyse how disclosure via each of the three channels relates to...

This paper investigates whether firms strategically deviate positively from their normal environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure levels as a signal to investors to obtain better access to finance. Analysing 3,900 firm-year observations in the US corporate bond market from 2009 to...

We examine whether mandatory climate reporting leads to changes in firms' carbon emissions. Using propensity score matching and a difference-in-differences design, we assess the effects of the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (GHGRP), introduced by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in...

We introduce the decomposition of carbon emissions into an expected and an unexpected component and analyze the association between these components and firm value. The expected component captures a firm's average carbon emissions inherent to its business model and operating environment. The...

We examine whether mandatory climate reporting leads to changes in firms’ carbon emissions. Using propensity score matching and a difference-in-differences design, we assess the effects of the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (GHGRP), introduced by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in...