The lack of an international legal framework clearly regulating the use of sanctions is one of the causes that led to an increase in the use of such instruments worldwide. The risk is aggravated by the fact that non-traditional users are also looking at those instruments to easily justify their...

Unilateral reactions within the multilateral WTO context : the case of WTO trade remedies -- The relationship between public international law and WTO law -- Trade remedies in WTO and public international law -- Final remarks

China's requests for consultations with the European Union and the United States formally initiated WTO disputes regarding certain provisions of the European Union and United States Anti-Dumping laws pertaining to the determination of normal value for ‘non-market economy' countries. By filing...

On 29 March 2019, the United Kingdom (UK) will formally withdraw from the European Union (EU). Although it is still not clear if the UK and the EU will reach an agreement to regulate several aspects of Brexit, ranging from the free circulation of citizens to financial matters, before that date,...

World Trade Organisation (WTO) trade remedies (antidumping, anti-subsidy and safeguard agreements) are instruments used by WTO members to counter the economic injury caused by dumping, subsidies and the sudden and unforeseen increased imports. They are exceptions to the WTO principle of free...

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to highlight the pros and cons of different models of the European Union (EU)-style Rules of Origin (RoO) that could be chosen by negotiators for a future UK–EU Free Trade Agreement (FTA). It will also underline the impact that any choice would have on...

Dumping is the practice of a company exporting a product to another country at prices lower than the normal value of the product (the domestic prices of the product) on its own domestic market. In the European Union the adoption of antidumping measures (e.g. antidumping duties) is regulated by...

Export credit instruments are important tools for enterprises used by developing and developed countries to face risks of default of transactions and to offer purchasers extended payment of their goods. Although they contribute to foster international trade, their misuse is likely to distort...

The financial turmoil is the first global stress test for the WTO since its creation. The crisis which emerged in October 2008 has spread its negative effects around the world and WTO members have had recourse to the flexibility conceded by WTO rules in order to counter its negative...