Substantial earnings differences exist across majors with the majors that pay well also having lower grades and higher workloads. We show that the harsher grading policies in STEM courses disproportionately affect women. To show this, we estimate a model of student demand courses and optimal...

Intro -- INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND THE U.S. CHEMICAL AND BIOFUEL INDUSTRIES -- INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND THE U.S. CHEMICAL AND BIOFUEL INDUSTRIES -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE* -- ABSTRACT -- ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS -- GLOSSARY -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- Overview and Principal Findings -- LIQUID...